I'll invite any audience members who have questions to either come up to the mic or ask through the app. There is one question through the app for our first presenter or so. Are the patient demographics the same between the two groups of nested versus non-nested practices as this may be a variable and play a role in well-being? So any differences there in that particular variable? Regarding these were the team members that were surveyed, not- Right. So but did you guys quantify, were there different patients, you know, is there any patient variables that were different between the two cohorts? Oh, I'm sorry. Yeah. No, these were similar all to Nemours Children's Health, our sports medicine clinic. It just so happens some of the patients were primarily at our sports medicine kind of nested clinic and then others were at the kind of the rotating area. So it's a similar patient population. So you think the patients were largely the same? Yeah. They're all from Wilmington, Delaware. Yeah. Got it. So from the standpoint of the nested versus non-nested, I think we all like working in teams and I think in some institutions that's uniform. In many institutions, it's not. Has there been an outcome? You know, you have this data. Have you been able to use it to kind of create a model that's more team oriented and team based? Yeah. So we're using, we use this as a pilot for the rest of the orthopedic department. So we started it within sports medicine. We gather a little bit of data and we're trying to give, have some tools to show our leadership that this is beneficial so that we can then spread this kind of model throughout orthopedics and then spread it throughout other specialties within the hospital. Yeah. So in conclusion, I would say the same thing. This type of data is really, really helpful to really show not only is there, you know, kind of benefits from a clinical standpoint, but from a provider standpoint too. For sure. So I applaud you for putting that together. For our second speaker, so a question just came in. So it says, since 75% of the opioids are used during the first three days, what other modalities can be used to transition to opioid free surgery such as regional blocks, ice compression, NSAIDs, other things of that nature? Any thoughts on that? Definitely. So one of the biggest points of emphasis that we've been trying to make since completing this study is, is on our regional blocks, particularly things like expirals are things that we're starting to look into even for your ACLs. And then when using expiral, there's all sorts of additives or adjuncts that can also be included to potentially prolong those blocks. And so these are definitely things that have been inspired by this study and things that we're looking forward to in the future. Okay. Great. Great. And second question. Do you think high school, college age patients use less opioids because they were being administered by a parent or guardian? Do you think that has a role? I completely think that that definitely plays a role in this, in the findings that we had. Also, we noticed that the high school and college age patients were actually prescribed significantly lower amounts, which I think that's a testament to our prescribers and just the overall awareness that this is a risk, an at-risk population. The last thing that I think is worth considering is that we don't factor in any sort of illicit substance use or any sort of cannabis or marijuana, things like that, that could be used to supplement pain control. And so this, I would consider this age group a high risk age for, for those types of things. And so that would be another interesting follow-up study. Yeah, I would agree. I think what resonated with me most is the numbers that you showed are drastically lower than I think if we had pulled the audience or showed numbers even just a few years ago, but certainly five to 10 years ago when obviously the approach was drastically different. So I think that type of research, really, really critical to keep looking at how we're taking care of our patients. So I applaud you as well. All right. If there's no other questions, then we'll move on to the next part of the session. I want to applaud both of our authors and thank them for presenting.

patient demographics

team-based healthcare model

nested and non-nested practices

team-oriented care

alternative modalities for pain management